Location: Global

Gender-Based Violence in Conflict

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The eruption of war exposes women to increased gender-based violence, in the immediate conflict area as well as in the countries where they seek refuge. Acknowledging the specific conflict-related risks that women face is important, in order to target interventions, especially considering that the actors that sit at peace negotiation tables are predominantly or exclusively men. In this policy brief, we discuss the implications of conflict for gender-based violence, with a special focus on the ongoing war in Ukraine. We also outline some policy interventions that might help mitigate the risks that women face, holding those responsible to account, and building a more gender-equal society from the reconstruction efforts. Our discussion draws from existing academic literature and inputs from the special panel session on conflict during the FROGEE conference “Economic and Social Context of Domestic Violence”.

Gender-Based Violence During Conflicts

During war, as in peacetime, women are exposed to different forms of violence, and to a different extent, as compared to men. In other words, there are gender-specific aspects of conflict-related violence, both in immediate conflict areas and in the places where affected populations might seek refuge.

One form of violence against women in conflict areas is sexual violence and rapes perpetrated by combatants. Scholars and policy analysts tend to portray this violence as a weapon of war (Eriksson and Stern, 2013), meaning that it is a way of humiliating and demoralizing the enemy as individuals and as communities. Differently put, the narrative that portrays sexual violence as, for instance, the consequence of unmet sexual needs among soldiers is increasingly less accepted. Sexual violence against women perpetrated by armed forces in conflict areas is tragically prevalent. While proper quantification of the phenomenon is hard for obvious reasons, it is estimated for example that at least 500,000 women were raped during the Rwandan genocide, and 50,000 during the war in Bosnia (Guarnieri and Tur-Prats, 2022).

Another form of gender-based violence in conflict is that women who are uprooted by war tend to confront a high risk of sexual violence during their journey away from home and in the places where they seek refuge. Vu et al. (2014) estimate, through meta-analysis, that approximately one in five refugees or displaced women in complex humanitarian settings experienced sexual violence. The study also highlights the need for more data to shed light on the characteristics of perpetrators. The presence of aid workers among them appears to persist through several humanitarian crises (Reis, 2021).

Further, women and children fleeing war areas are vulnerable to the risk of trafficking and exploitation for sexual or other work (as highlighted in the FROGEE conference panel). Traffickers and criminal organizations tend to exploit the combination of a mass movement of people in precarious economic situations and the decreased scrutiny generated by the humanitarian emergency.

Finally, war heightens the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) in conflict areas as well as among refugees and displaced individuals, by causing stress, trauma, economic hardship and increased substance abuse, all of which lead to deterioration in mental health and the quality of relationships (Conference panel). An actual or perceived sense of impunity can also undermine victims’ propensity to report IPV at such a time. A systematic review of the published literature on gender-based violence in conflict finds that estimated rates of IPV across most studies are much higher than the rates of rape and sexual violence perpetrated outside the home (Stark and Ager, 2011).

The consequences of conflict on IPV can be long-lasting. Evidence from post-genocide Rwanda shows that women who married after the conflict were more likely to be victims of spousal abuse; skewed sex ratios that reduced women’s bargaining power in the marriage market appear to be the relevant channel (La Mattina 2017). Another important factor is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans: a study of US military personnel shows that assignment to combat in the Global War on Terrorism is associated with higher incidence of domestic violence and lower relationship quality (Cesur and Sabia, 2016). The increased availability of small weapons can also lead to more frequent or more violent instances of domestic abuse (Conference panel).

The War in Ukraine

Reports from the US State Department and Amnesty international document episodes of sexual violence from armed conflict actors in Donetsk and Luhansk since the start of the conflict in 2014 (Amnesty International, 2020). Both Russian and Ukrainian military were involved, speaking to the tragedy that the population close to the “contact area” have witnessed since 2014.

At present, growing evidence is emerging that Ukrainians, especially but not exclusively women and girls, are victims of rape, gang-rape and forced nudity perpetrated by Russian military troops invading the country (United Nations). It is notoriously difficult to collect and verify data and facts on sexual violence during wartime, but these early accounts, and the experience from previous conflicts, call for a high level of scrutiny and readiness to help. Research also suggests some potential factors that aggravate the prevalence of sexual violence in conflict. Guarnieri and Tur-Prats (2020) show that armed actors who hold more gender-unequal norms are more likely to be perpetrators of sexual violence, and that the incidence of sexual violence is highest when the parts in conflict hold gender norms that differ substantially (Guarnieri and Tur-Prats, 2022). Survey data show that the share of people who appear to hold gender-unequal norms in Russia remained high over the years, based on questions on the effectiveness of women and men as political or business leaders (Figures 1 and 2), or the desirability of women earning more than their husbands (not shown).

Figure 1. Men make better political leaders than women do, % agreement

Source: World Value Survey

Figure 2. Men make better business executives than women do, % agreement

Source: World Value Survey

Evidence on the evolution of norms in Ukraine is more mixed (see Figures 1 and 2). All in all, surveys of gender-role attitudes suggest that gender stereotypes persist in Russian society, but it is not obvious that the prevailing gender norms are starkly different between Russia and Ukraine. On the other hand, attitudes toward IPV in the two countries might be evolving differently, at least among the respective elites, based on the fact that legislation on domestic violence recently changed in opposite direction in the two countries. Specifically, Russia decriminalized minor forms of domestic violence in early 2017. Conversely, Ukraine strengthened the legal response to domestic violence in early 2019, in particular making minor but systematic domestic violence criminally punishable, and extending criminal punishment beyond physical violence to include emotional and economic violence.

As a consequence of the war, almost 13 million Ukrainians have left their homes since Russia invaded on Feb. 24, 2022, according to the United Nations. Almost all of them are women and children, since men and boys aged 18 to 60 are required to stay in Ukraine to defend the country. Women traveling alone with their children, especially when fleeing to foreign countries where they often have no connections, are clearly at risk of assault and exploitation. Such risk is heightened by the exceptional speed of the refugee influx, whereby an impromptu response from the host countries is by necessity reliant on individual independent participation. Private hosts have spontaneously been opening their homes to accommodate for days or even weeks Ukrainians fleeing the war. Proper vetting of these offers is made difficult by the sheer number of people who are being welcomed in bordering countries, for instance Poland, as well as by the exceptional response from private individuals. Within a little more than a month from the start of this crisis there had already been a few episodes of sexual violence against Ukrainian refugees in their host countries (specifically in Poland and Germany).

While the current death toll in the war in Ukraine is unlikely to lead to dramatically skewed sex-ratios, this aspect might become more relevant as events evolve, in light also of the fact that nearly the universe of those who fled the country so far consists of women and children.

Finally, in the post-conflict period, the presence of small weapons, which have been made available to civilians to defend the country, is an additional risk factor for IPV (Conference panel).

What Can Be Done?

Academics, international organizations, activists and female politicians from Ukraine have made specific requests to improve the system of protection and accountability in the face of sexual violence against women living in or fleeing from conflict zones. These suggestions include ensuring that the system of transitional justice that will govern the post-conflict period establishes proper investigation and punishment of every form of sexual violence performed by armed actors during the war. To this end, some steps have already been taken. The UN Resolution in favor of the creation of an International Commission of Inquiry refers explicitly to the need to recognize the gender dimension of violations and abuses.

Beyond the horizon of the war, the safety of Ukrainian women in their homes relies on the protection offered by State legislation against domestic violence. In this respect, the Ukrainian government has recently taken a few measures in what the international community deems to be the “right direction”. A very important reform taken in the summer of 2021 allows for the military to be prosecuted for domestic violence on a general basis rather than on the basis of the disciplinary statute as it was before. This is especially important in light of the findings of increased risk of domestic violence in families of veterans (Cesur and Sabia, 2016). However, some critical aspects remain. In the current context, a crucial factor might be the limit of 6 months to prosecute the crime from the occurrence of the violence. An extension of such a period at a time when the normal functioning of many institutions is suspended or subject to delays can attenuate the perception of impunity that the exceptionality of the circumstances creates.

When it comes to refugees, there is as mentioned a need for better vetting of private hosts, although the urgency of action that the current circumstances require makes this a particularly challenging task. State effort in this direction has been complemented by civil society initiatives. For example, in Sweden, Facebook groups that lined up to coordinate the offer of housing are now organizing themselves to create a system for verifying housing and hosts.

Ukrainian politicians have also asked Western countries to be prepared to offer expertise on how to support survivors of rape and other sexual violence in conflict.

Other experts recommend reliance on cultural and linguistic mediators to help refugee women access services for victims of IPV that are already offered by local actors in their temporary host country (Conference panel).

In the longer term, guaranteeing economic safety for refugees is also an effective measure to reduce their vulnerability to exploitation from sex-traffickers and criminal organizations.

Finally, yet importantly, the involvement of women in peace negotiation processes should be sought after. Echoing the discussion on women’s scarcity in leadership positions in peacetime, the gender-unequal composition of peace delegations poses an issue of equality, representativeness, and efficiency (Bertrand 2018). Interestingly, it has been noted that a more truthful narrative of war, which recognizes women’s role not only as victims but also as perpetrators (and the converse for men, although proportions are clearly unbalanced in both cases), might help pave the way for higher female representation at negotiation tables (Conference panel). Relatedly, the European Institute for Gender Equality proposes gender mainstreaming of all policies and programs involved in conflict resolution processes (EIGE). The international community should also consider gender mainstreaming of reconstruction programs, to help build a more gender-equal post-conflict Ukraine.

References

  • Amnesty International. (2020). Not a Private Matter. Domestic and Sexual Violence against Women in Eastern Ukraine.
  • Baaz, M. E., and Stern, M. (2013). Sexual violence as a weapon of war?: Perceptions, prescriptions, problems in the Congo and beyond. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Bertrand, M. (2018). Coase lecture–the glass ceiling. Economica85(338), 205-231.
  • Cesur, R., and Sabia, J. J. (2016). When war comes home: The effect of combat service on domestic violence. Review of Economics and Statistics98(2), 209-225.
  • Guarnieri, E., and Tur-Prats, A. (2022). Cultural distance and conflict-related sexual violence. Mimeo
  • Reis, C. (2021). Sexual abuse during humanitarian operations still happens. What must be done to end it. The Conversation, October 5 2021. https://theconversation.com/sexual-abuse-during-humanitarian-operations-still-happens-what-must-be-done-to-end-it-169223
  • Stark, L. and Ager, A. (2011). A systematic review of prevalence studies of gender-based violence in complex emergencies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse12(3), pp.127-134.
  • Vu, A., Adam, A., Wirtz, A., Pham, K., Rubenstein, L., Glass, N., Beyrer, C. and Singh, S. (2014). The prevalence of sexual violence among female refugees in complex humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS currents6.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in policy briefs and other publications are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

(Ce)2 Workshop

silhouettes of walking people representing forced migration

The (Ce)² workshop is a joint initiative of the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) and the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). The seventh edition of the workshop will take place in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.

The 2022 keynote lectures in the Lecture Series in Honour of Leonid Hurwicz will be given by:

In light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its consequences, we issue a modified Call for Papers. The workshop will feature sessions on forced migration which will be organised in cooperation with migration experts from the University of Warsaw. We extend the list of fields from which we welcome studies to the following:

  • Human capital development
  • Intergenerational mobility
  • Poverty alleviation
  • Discrimination and inequality
  • Domestic violence
  • Forced migration
  • Internal displacement

Program

The preliminary programme can be found here. There is no conference fee but participants are expected to cover their own travel and accommodation costs.

Only full papers will be considered (early versions are welcome). Authors will have 50 minutes for their presentation and they will be expected to discuss another paper presented at the workshop. The total number of presentations will not exceed 20.

The call for the poster session is now open for submissions.

The call for papers issued for the workshop can be found here.

WIEM 2022

Participants of the (Ce)2 Workshop are also encouraged to take part in the XVII Warsaw International Economic Meeting (WIEM) on 28-30 June 2022, as presenters or audience members. The Hurwicz keynote lectures, held on the afternoon of June 28, will also serve as the opening event for WIEM.

The 2022 (Ce)² Workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network and is supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida).

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Development Economics Conference 2022

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The Centre for Economic and Policy Centre (CEPR) symposium of the Development Economics program will be hosted by the Stockholm School of Economics on Thursday 19 May and Friday 20 May 2022. The conference is organised by Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets (Misum), Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) and CEPR.

The conference will cover topics within the research field of Development Economics and will combine presentations of academic papers and contributions from researchers around the world.

Scientific Organisers

Please note: This is a closed conference for invited guests only.

Program

Thursday, 19 May 2022

8:30-9:00 Registration and coffee at Stockholm School of Economics
9:00-9:05 Welcome:

Eliana La Ferrara, Bocconi University, LEAP and CEPR

Session 1

Chair: Eliana La Ferrara, Bocconi University, LEAP and CEPR
9:05-9:55 Land Rental Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Jack Willis, Columbia University and CEPR (joint with Michelle Acampora and Lorenzo Casaburi)

9:55-10:45 Time is Not Money: An Experiment with Community Contribution Requirements in Cash and Labour

Anna Tompsett, Stockholm University (joint with Serena Cocciolo, Selene Ghisolfi, and Md. Ahasan Habib)

10:45-11:00 Coffee break

Session 2

Chair: Jonathan Lehne, SITE and MISUM
11:00-11:50 Financial Incentives in Multi-layered Organizations: An Experiment in the Public Sector

Erika Deserranno, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University and CEPR (joint with Stefano Caria, Philipp Kastrau, Gianmarco León-Ciliotta)

11:50-12:40 Modernizing the State During War: Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan

Stefano Fiorin, Bocconi University and CEPR (joint with Joshua Blumenstock, Michael Callen, Anastasiia Faikina, and Tarek Ghani)

12:40-14:00 Lunch at Stockholm School of Economics

Session 3

Chair: Pamela Campa, SITE, CEPR and MISUM
14:00-14:50 Terms of Engagement: Migration, Dowry, and Love in Indian Marriages

Rossella Calvi, Rice University and CEPR (joint with Andrew Beauchamp and Scott Fulford)

14:50-15:40 Learning to See the World’s Opportunities: The Impact of Imagery on Entrepreneurial Success

Alexia Delfino, Bocconi University and CEPR (joint with Nava Ashraf, Gharad Bryan, Emily Holmes, Leonardo Iacovone, and Ashley Pople)

15:40-16:00 Coffee break

Session 4

Chair: Anders Olofsgård, SITE and MISUM
16:00-16:25 *The Long-Run Effects of Psychotherapy on Depression, Beliefs, and Economic Outcomes

Jonathan de Quidt and CEPR, Institute for International Economic Studies (joint with Bhargav Bhat, Johannes Haushofer, Vikram Patel, Gautam Rao, Frank Schilbach, and Pierre-Luc Vautrey)

16:25-16:50 *Informing Risky Migration: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Guinea

Giacomo Battiston, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen and LEAP (joint with Lucia Corno, Eliana La Ferrara)

16:50:17:15 *Artisanal Gold Mining in Africa

Victoire Girard, Nova SBE (joint with Teresa Molina-Millan and Guillaume Vic)

17:15-17:40 *Production Networks and War

Alexey Makarin, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance and CEPR (joint with Vasily Korovkin)

 

Friday, 20 May 2022

Session 1

Chair: David McKenzie, World Bank and CEPR
09:30-10:20 Regulation by Reputation? Intermediaries, Labor Abuses, and International Migration

A. Nilesh Fernando, University of Notre Dame (joint with Niharika Singh)

10:20-11:10 Rural-Urban Migration, Informality and Firm Dynamics

Gabriel Ulyssea, University College London (joint with Clement Imbert)

11:10-11:30 Coffee break

Session 2

Chair: Abhijeet Singh, SSE and MISUM
11:30-11:55 *Improving Parenting Practices for Early Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Marinella Leone, Università degli Studi di Pavia (joint with  Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Pierfrancesco Rolla, Monique Abimpaye, Caroline Dusabe, Marie Uwamahoro, and Richard Germond)

11:55:12:45 Childcare, Labor Supply, and Business Development: Experimental Evidence from Uganda

Selim Gulesci, Trinity College Dublin (joint with Kjetil Bjorvatn, Denise Ferris, Arne Nasgowitz, Vincent Somville, and Lore Vandewalle)

12:45-13:10  *Parents’ Effective Time Endowment and Divorce: Evidence from Extended School Days

Cecilia Peluffo, University of Florida (jont with Marıa Padilla-Romo and Mariana Viollaz)

13:10-14:10 Lunch at Stockholm School of Economics

Session 3

Chair: Martina Björkman Nyqvist, SSE, MISUM, and CEPR
14:10-14:35 *The Bright Side of Discretion in Public Procurement

Dimas Fazio, National University of Singapore

14:35-15:00 *Information Systems, Service Delivery, and Corruption: Evidence From the Bangladesh Civil Service

Martin Mattsson, National University of Singapore

 

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Economic and Social Context of Domestic Violence

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While the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the academic and policy interest in the causes and consequences of domestic violence, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has tragically spotlighted the gender dimension of war. Against this background, the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) together with the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA) and the FREE Network invite to join the hybrid conference “Economic and social context of domestic violence”.

Dimensions of Gender-based Violence in Military Conflicts

The conference will take place on 11 May 2022 with a special panel session on “Dimensions of gender-based violence in military conflicts”. Rigorous analysis is needed for understanding not only the scale of domestic and gender-based violence in extraordinary circumstances – such as the pandemic or war – but also their broader socio-economic determinants in regular times, how they are perceived and what policies and regulations can limit their incidence.

Program

The conference will combine presentations of academic papers and contributions from policy makers. The keynote address will be given by Professor Bilge Erten (Northeastern University) and the conference is planned as a hybrid event with several sessions held at the Stockholm School of Economics in Stockholm, Sweden (SSE).

Registration

If you are planning to join the conference online via Zoom please follow the link (click here) to register. The Zoom link and passcode will be sent to your registered email account upon completing the registration form accordingly. Make sure to check your inbox or/and junk mail.

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Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

#AcademicsStandWithUkraine

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The Forum for Research on Eastern Europe and Emerging Economies (FREE Network) stands for peace, security and democracy and condemns Russia’s invasion of the independent and democratic nation of Ukraine and violation of international law.

The FREE Network has an extensive history of building networks and partnerships with leading academic experts on economic issues in Central and Eastern Europe and emerging markets.

The FREE Network invites academics from the region and beyond to express their solidarity with the Ukrainian people, academics, educators, and students suffering from Russia’s invasion into the democratic nation of Ukraine.

To speak out on Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, please use the hashtag #AcademicsStandWithUkraine.

Donations for humanitarian aid are organized by the Kyiv School of Economics, a member of the FREE Network.

20220227 KSE fund raising

Data Science for Justice: Evidence from a Randomized Judicial Reform in the Kenyan Judiciary

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Can data science be used to improve the functioning of courts, and unlock the positive effects of institutions on economic development? Join SITE Brown Bag Seminar with Daniel Chen, Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics, on 29 March 2022.

Data Science for Justice

In a nationwide randomized experiment in Kenyan courts, authors develop and implement an algorithm that uses data regularly captured by administrative systems, identifies for each court their main sources of delay, and provides court-specific actionable recommendations on how to increase performance. Authors find that this intervention reduces delays, especially when the information is also shared with court user committees that include representatives from civil society, lawyers, and police. Authors find downstream economic effects of court speed, especially on contract-intensive industries.

Daniel Chen, Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics

Daniel Li Chen is the Lead Principal Investigator, DE JURE (Data and Evidence for Justice Reform) at the World Bank, Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics (TSE). He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Collaborator at Harvard Medical School, advisor at NYU Courant Institute for Mathematics Center for Data Science.

He is the founder of oTree Open Source Research Foundation and Data Science Justice Collaboratory and co-founder of Justice Innovation Lab. Chen was previously Chair of Law and Economics at ETH and tenure-track assistant professor in Law (primary), Economics, and Public Policy at Duke University.

Daniel Li Chen received his BA and MS from Harvard University in Applied Mathematics and Economics; Economics PhD from MIT; and JD from Harvard Law School. He has attained prominence through the development of open source tools to study human behavior and through large-scale empirical studies — data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning — on the relationship between law, social norms and the enforcement of legal norms, and on judicial systems.

Register for the Seminar

The link to the seminar will be distributed by invitation only. If you are interested to attend the seminar – please contact site@hhs.se. Follow the instructions below: Type the subject box with “Brown bag seminar *INSERT SEMINAR TITLE*” Indicate your affiliation and field of interest. For registered applicants, a Zoom link will be provided prior to the event via email with further instructions.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events, seminars and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Russian Oil and Gas: What to Expect?

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For decades Russian oil and gas have been an essential part of European energy imports. But due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, oil and gas toward the west will be sharply curtailed or even stopped, by an initiative of either party.

How oil and gas flow reduction can affect global energy markets? And how big a problem is it for the EU and Russia?

Experts discussed what the Russian oil and gas flow reduction means for global markets

  • Julius Andersson, Assistant Professor at the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE)
  • Chloé Le Coq, Professor at the Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas and Research Fellow at SITE,
  • Sergej Gubin, Research Fellow at BICEPS, and
  • Paweł Wróbel, Managing Director of the BalticWind.EU

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events, seminars and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Fleeing the War Zone: Will Open Hearts be Enough?

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The invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has resulted in the loss of lives and destruction of infrastructure and has forced millions to flee from the war zone.

By March 14th 2022 over 2,8 million people have found refuge outside of Ukraine and many more have been displaced within its borders. The UNHCR estimates the total number of those forced to flee Ukraine may grow to 4 million.

Program

On March 14, 2022 experts from Ukraine, Sweden and Poland discussed the consequences of the invasion for the Ukrainian population.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events, seminars and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Fleeing the War Zone: Will Open Hearts be Enough?

20220311 Temporary image

The invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has resulted in the loss of lives and destruction of infrastructure and has forced millions to flee from the war zone. 

Program

By March 9th 2022 over 2,1 million people have found refuge outside of Ukraine and many more have been displaced within its borders. The UNHCR estimates the total number of those forced to flee Ukraine may grow to 4 million. 

Join the webinar on March 14 to discuss the consequences of the invasion for the Ukrainian population with:

Registration

The webinar will be available to join via the Zoom platform. However, registration is required. Please register via Zoom (click here). After registration, you will receive a confirmation email which includes the Zoom link and passcode.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events, seminars and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.

Russian Oil and Gas: What to Expect?

20220310 Russian Oil and Gas

For decades Russian oil and gas have been an essential part of European energy imports. Now, two weeks into the fighting in Ukraine, there is an increasing concern that the flows of Russian oil and gas toward the west will be sharply curtailed, or even stopped, by an initiative of either party.


Program

This Thursday on March 10, Julius Andersson, Assistant Professor at the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE), together with Chloé Le Coq, Professor at the Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas and Research Fellow at SITE, Sergej Gubin, Research Fellow at BICEPS, and Paweł Wróbel, Managing Director of the BalticWind.EU will discuss what the Russian oil and gas flow reduction means for global markets.

What are the likely implications of the Russian oil and gas ban for the EU? How oil and gas flow reduction can affect global energy markets? How big a problem is it for Russia? Join the webinar and learn more.

Registration

The webinar will be available to join via the Zoom platform. However, registration is required. Please register via the Zoom registration platform (click here). After registration, you will receive a confirmation email which includes the Zoom link and passcode.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed during events, seminars and conferences are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the FREE Network and its research institutes.